On the Timing of Labeling: Deducing Comp-trace Effects, the Subject Condition, the Adjunct Condition, and Tucking in from Labeling

The paper provides a uniform account of a number of locality effects, in particular, the Subject Condition, the Adjunct Condition, Richards’s (2001) tucking in effect, and the full Comp-trace paradigm, including (in addition to the basic cases) relative and extraposed clauses, the impossibility of short-subject topicalization, French que-qui alternation, and the effect of whmovement on agreement in languages like Kinande, which is discussed in some detail. The account is based on a proposal that there is a difference in the timing of labeling between the basic case where a head and a phrase merge and the case where two phrases merge, as well as a particular labeling-based approach to antilocality.